Once again we are confronted with the very powerful term and constant thing in life – change. Much has been said and done. Mountains have been moved. And still after how many tries, just like an Energizer bunny, I-you-we-they just keep “going and going and going and going…” Do we learn from such experiences, whether they were good and beneficial, or bad and disadvantageous? Let’s all hope that we did because these things help shape and develop our being. And as the old saying goes, “everything happens for a reason.”
Though not bluntly stated, change comes in its own disguises such as the word reform. I would like to believe that reform makes the word – change, come out in a more positive and affirming manner. If change has quite negative connotations, reform on the other hand gives off an impression of advantageous situations. It suggests that whatever was originally planned or laid out may still be further developed into a more benevolent and responsive situation and with regard to our main topic for this entry – a more benevolent and responsive political system that is.
Japan’s history has experienced a number of reforms in all styles, shapes, and sizes. Dating back to its earlier centuries, the Land of the Rising Sun had already established a system which was most favorable for them during those days. But it was only after a series of events when Japan experienced a considerable amount of restructuring and this was no other than the Meiji Era. During this period Japan had undergone massive changes in its political and social structure. Because of the formation of alliances between the leaders of the Satsuma and Choshu domains, the most remembered era (as of the moment) laid its foundation. This led to the restoration of the emperor’s power which was disregarded during the Tokugawa period. The once isolated and feudal society of Japan had slowly opened its doors to the rest of the word making it an industrialized capitalist economy with a whole new set of influences. But it was not a perfect period as well since most of the riots and clashes happened during this time of enormous reformation. The Meiji Oligarchy was established and this led to many undertakings since it consolidated the emperor’s powers towards the shoguns, daimyos, and samurai classes; people of the Edo period. Lands of the daimyos were seized and returned to the emperor. Samurai’s were given fixed stipends, their privilege to posses arms were then further extended to every Japanese male, and they no longer could carry in public any weapon or sword which once showed their status in the society. These then allowed a reformation in the military system of Japan as every male upon turning 21 years of age are mandated to serve in the armed forces for four years and an additional 3 years in the reserves slowly leading to the abolishment of the samurai classes. But never the less, since they were educated men, these nobles of before continued to live their lives as they landed for themselves good job opportunities. Truly, though their titles were abolished their spirit as guardians of the country ruled on.
It was only on the 22nd of December 1885 after studying a number of governmental organization reformations and traveling to Europe by Itō Hirobumi, Saionji Kinmochi, and Ito Miyoji when the Daijo-kan System; originally used in the Nara period and adopted after the Meiji Restoration, was abolished and the rise of the Prime Minister together with his cabinets were established.
From Koizumi to Abe, Abe to Fukuda, Fukuda to Aso, and now Aso to maybe Ozawa, makes one ask where is Japan headed to and for a Japanese citizen – where are we headed to? Japan’s future just like all else’s is unpredictable. One minute things are like this, next minute it’s the exact opposite. But there is no one to blame for such reforms because who in his or her right state of mind would do such measures for their own sake right? So is it possible to conclude that since Japan is a conformist society, they too conform to the calls of their times therefore making them reform the political system every time they see that it should be? Maybe.
I come to such a conclusion because of the things I have read. Take for example Taro Aso’s actions in adopting a basic policy that would reform Japan’s fiscal budget for 2009. This means that he has to knock on the doors of Koizumi, Abe, and Fukuda who all have used the original reformist fiscal policies during their reign. This is because as compared to their times, Japan today is experiencing a recession in their economy, on that has quite shook its country due to the global financial crisis we are all experiencing now. By Aso’s courageous, flexible, and resilient steps in reforming the country’s fiscal budget and drafting more stimulus packages he will be putting more priority on the once very well established economy of Japan and its livelihood. “Pump-priming” measures will be used as well to boost the country’s “flat line” economy. Another thing I have observed in Aso’s actions is how he remembered to consult with his fellow ruling parties about furthering his actions. This shows that he is mindful of his fellowmen and their capabilities as well which may help their country. But in carrying out his mission, things may be a bit challenging since some senior members of the LDP and executives have some things to say for themselves which somehow counter that of Aso’s. More so, Kaoru Yosano, Japan’s economic and fiscal policy minister “stressed that the government has not abandoned the reform plans initiated by Koizumi” (Fukuda & Nagata). But whether it has abandoned it or not is not the case. Aso was right in saying that “it is not impossible for economic reform and financial restoration to coexist and progress at the same time” (Fukuda & Nagata). At the end of the day Aso’s actions and measures in retaining the government’s goal in achieving a primary budget surplus is still what counts.
Aside from Aso’s steps towards reformation, a man named Ichiro Ozawa who was once a member of the LDP himself goes into the spotlight as well. As the head of the opposing party (DPJ) of the LDP, Ozawa pledges and proposes to the people of Japan measures in achieving proper politics by preparing himself for a battle in creating a two-party system. As compared to the others in office his means of reformation is carried out in 3 pledges and 7 proposals.
There are a number of other prospects that’s for sure. These are only a few of them. People have the capacity and ability to reform their political system if done collectively. But would it be stable and healthy? Though we hope it would, that would be unpredictable. Because for every step towards reform comes in a whole new set of things to deal with. One must remember that flexibility is the key because times change and so sticking to one thing alone always is not the way to go.
Friday, April 3, 2009
Thursday, March 12, 2009
TEAM!
What accounts for the longevity of the LDP?
It was always in my parents to constantly remind me of the power I posses. I am not talking about super powers like that of Wonder Woman and the rest of her squad, but rather the abilities I have which could change the course of my life and that of others as well. This they believed was the key to the direction of my future. For them, if I just sat and watched my life unfold before me, then it wouldn’t be my life. Rather, that kind of life is like that of a robot’s, one which just goes with the flow, following how it was programmed to work. And so through the years such belief has brought me to decisions in my life where I have paved my own road and connected it with that of others. Though rocky at times due to the different choices I have made, this road is still headed towards one direction alone and that is no other than my future. Grounded on experiences and guided by important people, my power holds the key to change. A change which can be either be beneficial or not. The important thing to take note of is the experience, where one will learn a thing or two and apply it to future undertakings. In the end, it all boils down to one’s power to take the initiative for things to happen.
You may be wondering how such a personal sharing has something to do with the longevity of the LDP. Well I am no Japanese that’s for sure, and neither of my parents have any blood connections with them as well. More so, the LDP is no Justice League nor Fantastic Four. So why is it that I shared such a thing, you ask? Well, its plain and simple – until the opposition devices a strategic plan on how they can put a stop to the more than a decade-long ruling party, then that’s the only time they can truly end the LDP’s dominance.
It all boils down to initiative as I have said earlier on. Everyone has the power to change the course of time, to make their life the way they want it – its all a matter of choice and action. Yes, there have been efforts to change the direction of Japan’s political scenario and yes there have been actions to put a stop to the LDP’s dominating governance but it is not enough. And that right there my friends is the overall reason which accounts for the longevity of the LDP.
On a much deeper perspective allow me to delve into the picture by giving you facts from the various videos and articles I have watched and read regarding the LDP’s existence which will further help you understand why I arrived at such a conclusion.
In the almost hour long video-seminar I watched, Ethan Scheiner; an associate professor of Political Science in UC Davis, discusses why Japan until present is being governed by the same ruling party from that of the 1950’s. It is in his talk where he presents us with reasons and proofs which will greatly explain the political scenario of Japan from its early years until today, all of which are also the basis for the LDP’s longevity.
According to him Japan is faced with an “uncommon democracy”, it is being governed and dominated by a single party for the past decades. There is no problem with regard to such a reality since the Japanese themselves put these people in position to begin with.
Now, the problem then lies within a single question and that is - how can an unpopular party win at all times? This is the situation of Japan, since 1955 the LDP has ruled the country but throughout its course the Japanese economy has collapsed, there have been situations of corruption in the government, and a feeling of anger from its voters. There may be some exceptions like that of Koizumi’s actions when improvements were seen because of his successful reforms but still, at the end of the day the bigger picture depicts such realities.
Scheiner further shares that in a study, more than half of the random Japanese people who were asked preferred candidates with no party affiliation. In fact, the LDP’s popularity with these people only amounted to 20-30%. To top it all, in another interesting statistics study, 44% of the Japanese do not even like the LDP which makes them the most hated party in the country.
So how is this all possible, that a single ruling party for several decades now is able to still go on after all that has been said and done? This is where his arguments were laid down.
Argument #1: The LDP for many years shepherd the economy throughout its economic success. The LDP is popular because of what they are able to do and that is what makes people vote for them. Because it has done a great deal for the Japanese economy it is no wonder why people elect them in position year after year.
Argument#2: The culture of the Japanese is one which is greatly affected by the appeal of each LDP candidate. Every election period, these candidates would really go out of their ways to captivate the hearts of these commoners. Who wouldn’t want that, people actually making you feel important because of how they deal and relate with you?
Argument #3: The platform of the LDP candidates are very strong. This also has a great relation to the candidates themselves who are truly experienced and incumbent and with that they know exactly what to do and how to go about it, making their platforms an eye-catcher for all.
The problem with these arguments is that it portrays the LDP as a very popular party when in fact reality dictates otherwise. The LDP is not popular at all, though they have occupied majority of the seats in the House of Representatives in elections they have not been winning majority of the votes since 1963. Their victory has been due to the sub-majority of the votes only. This then indicates that there is something wrong going on.
Electoral Institutions don’t seem to go hand in hand with the elections itself, that is basing on the results from the past years. Even if they are under the new electoral system, there have been problems with the coordination of the opposition. Instead of other parties using the aforementioned realities (shortcomings of the LDP and harsh realities Japan’s facing) as springboards for their campaign and attempt to finally overthrow the longest ruling party in Japan, no one can take the challenge since no one is as credible as the LDP candidates.
The LDP has “quality candidates”. They have more incumbents; their candidates are more experienced, having a better background and support system and that’s their edge over that of the opposition’s who were said to be very very weak.
In the other documentary by Kazuhiro Soda, I was able to learn more about these LDP candidates as they closely followed Yamauchi in every step of his election campaign. This gives even more justification to what Scheiner said in his talk.
Come election period, these people campaign through various means. This is where personal efforts are put to the test and in the end those efforts are what will bring them to victory. Banners, posters, flyers, megaphones, and speaker cars left and right on the streets and in subway stations inform people of nothing more than the candidates name, position, party, and affiliated national member. These candidates campaign for themselves as they walk the streets of Japan day in day out sometimes with a megaphone by their side constantly repeating their name and party affiliation. Issues and detailed platforms are not being talked about because people don’t really pay attention to such rather it is the name that they will always remember. They play safe as well as they do not delve into deeper issues so that they won’t get in the middle of any trouble or put in a tough spot, most of the time they just tell the Japanese the things they have already done like construction of offices, schools, etc.
Same is true for Yamauchi’s case. I also noticed that he campaigned not only when he had to but also in his daily activities as well. Take for example when he picked up his clothes from the laundry, he initiated the conversation with the people and workers there and so he was then able to introduce himself and ask for their support. Walking in the streets and stations, approaching people who both minded him and did not bother to shake his hand at all did not stop this young man from getting all the support he could. Repeating the same words all over again for how many days and nights and really going out of his way to go to each person in line for the bus is no joke at all, but the Yamauchi did with all gusto.
In the headquarters of these candidates, also that of Yamauchi’s can it be visually seen that poster after poster, banner after banner were the names and position of a national politician. This has a deeper meaning, it just does not mean that they are really supporting and exposing their candidates to gain more support but more so, showing that they have a national politician beside their name clearly links that they have the means to help them out and so they have the ability to carry out their platforms.
I couldn’t help but notice how Yamauchi was also constantly being trained by his “senseis” or teachers. His elderly supporters would teach him the proper way to shake hands, communicate with people and the like in order to get a greater response and most importantly gain their support. Even his wife had to sacrifice for him during this time. Its funny how the documentary also exposed the wife’s feelings towards such. She too was being taught by these elders. Instead of pertaining to herself as a “tsuma” – wife, she now has to stress out and use the term “kanai” – house wife.
Up until his victory, Yamauchi was taught of the proper decorum for people like him. Truly the support system for the candidates of the LDP is a strong one. They are not only supported on the municipal level but also by the national level. This brings me to the next reason as to why the LDP is still up and kicking.
The LDP still exists today because of “pipe lines”. This is where local LDP’s ask for the National LDP’s help who then asks people from a higher level like that from the central government and *TADA* a link has been established, now this link allows the support of the higher levels. Their efforts and actions are shot inside the “pipeline” which they’ve created and this is a great thing to take note of because with support comes the means to stay even longer.
In addition, it was mentioned in the Newsweek article entitled - Stepping down: Nakagawa in Tokyo by Christian Caryl that “Hereditary politicians” can also be a reason as to why the LDP is still dominant in the Japanese political setup. This is because this phenomenon is where people inherit their jobs from family members who were formerly known to have positions.
Proof1: In the article it was said that for the past 20 years in Japan, there have been 8 Prime Minister’s who were either sons or grandsons of previous LDP politicians.
Proof2: Shiota Ushio; a journalist, conducted a study wherein results showed that “a full quarter of all current members of the Diet were children of ex-legislators” and that 40% of the LDP’s law makers were also victims of such. As a matter of fact, Koizumi himself was a 3rd generation politician.
This “in breeding” that happens in the system of Japan creates a gap wherein which these hereditary politicians are greatly detached from their nation. But not all members are hereditary politicians, there are also those whom the LDP appoints but on they do on the basis of one’s affinity and not of their professional qualifications.
Wow Wow Wee! That sure is a load of information. Well, I hope that my diving deeper into the matter helped you understand why such a reality exists in Japan up until this very day. Though efforts and actions have been made to alter the course of Japan’s political scenario there is still something lacking, but until they realize that nothing will happen. Initiative, one has to take the daring step and alter all that had been mentioned above. It only takes a spark to get the fire burning but that spark depends on your initiative and the your team’s support.
EXTRA EXTRA READ ALL ABOUT IT:
This video also shows how contradicting the Japanese people are. They were telling the wife of Yamauchi to quit her job as a kind of reward or payment for her husband’s supporters, this she strongly objected to because if her husband doesn’t win they will be broke. Then she was further corrected saying that she shouldn’t think of losing. But reality is that she has to think of her future too. She doesn’t understand how the people of Kawasaki are saying such knowing that their present situation dictates otherwise – there are many waitlisted kindergarten students, a lot of housewives working, etc.
It was always in my parents to constantly remind me of the power I posses. I am not talking about super powers like that of Wonder Woman and the rest of her squad, but rather the abilities I have which could change the course of my life and that of others as well. This they believed was the key to the direction of my future. For them, if I just sat and watched my life unfold before me, then it wouldn’t be my life. Rather, that kind of life is like that of a robot’s, one which just goes with the flow, following how it was programmed to work. And so through the years such belief has brought me to decisions in my life where I have paved my own road and connected it with that of others. Though rocky at times due to the different choices I have made, this road is still headed towards one direction alone and that is no other than my future. Grounded on experiences and guided by important people, my power holds the key to change. A change which can be either be beneficial or not. The important thing to take note of is the experience, where one will learn a thing or two and apply it to future undertakings. In the end, it all boils down to one’s power to take the initiative for things to happen.
You may be wondering how such a personal sharing has something to do with the longevity of the LDP. Well I am no Japanese that’s for sure, and neither of my parents have any blood connections with them as well. More so, the LDP is no Justice League nor Fantastic Four. So why is it that I shared such a thing, you ask? Well, its plain and simple – until the opposition devices a strategic plan on how they can put a stop to the more than a decade-long ruling party, then that’s the only time they can truly end the LDP’s dominance.
It all boils down to initiative as I have said earlier on. Everyone has the power to change the course of time, to make their life the way they want it – its all a matter of choice and action. Yes, there have been efforts to change the direction of Japan’s political scenario and yes there have been actions to put a stop to the LDP’s dominating governance but it is not enough. And that right there my friends is the overall reason which accounts for the longevity of the LDP.
On a much deeper perspective allow me to delve into the picture by giving you facts from the various videos and articles I have watched and read regarding the LDP’s existence which will further help you understand why I arrived at such a conclusion.
In the almost hour long video-seminar I watched, Ethan Scheiner; an associate professor of Political Science in UC Davis, discusses why Japan until present is being governed by the same ruling party from that of the 1950’s. It is in his talk where he presents us with reasons and proofs which will greatly explain the political scenario of Japan from its early years until today, all of which are also the basis for the LDP’s longevity.
According to him Japan is faced with an “uncommon democracy”, it is being governed and dominated by a single party for the past decades. There is no problem with regard to such a reality since the Japanese themselves put these people in position to begin with.
Now, the problem then lies within a single question and that is - how can an unpopular party win at all times? This is the situation of Japan, since 1955 the LDP has ruled the country but throughout its course the Japanese economy has collapsed, there have been situations of corruption in the government, and a feeling of anger from its voters. There may be some exceptions like that of Koizumi’s actions when improvements were seen because of his successful reforms but still, at the end of the day the bigger picture depicts such realities.
Scheiner further shares that in a study, more than half of the random Japanese people who were asked preferred candidates with no party affiliation. In fact, the LDP’s popularity with these people only amounted to 20-30%. To top it all, in another interesting statistics study, 44% of the Japanese do not even like the LDP which makes them the most hated party in the country.
So how is this all possible, that a single ruling party for several decades now is able to still go on after all that has been said and done? This is where his arguments were laid down.
Argument #1: The LDP for many years shepherd the economy throughout its economic success. The LDP is popular because of what they are able to do and that is what makes people vote for them. Because it has done a great deal for the Japanese economy it is no wonder why people elect them in position year after year.
Argument#2: The culture of the Japanese is one which is greatly affected by the appeal of each LDP candidate. Every election period, these candidates would really go out of their ways to captivate the hearts of these commoners. Who wouldn’t want that, people actually making you feel important because of how they deal and relate with you?
Argument #3: The platform of the LDP candidates are very strong. This also has a great relation to the candidates themselves who are truly experienced and incumbent and with that they know exactly what to do and how to go about it, making their platforms an eye-catcher for all.
The problem with these arguments is that it portrays the LDP as a very popular party when in fact reality dictates otherwise. The LDP is not popular at all, though they have occupied majority of the seats in the House of Representatives in elections they have not been winning majority of the votes since 1963. Their victory has been due to the sub-majority of the votes only. This then indicates that there is something wrong going on.
Electoral Institutions don’t seem to go hand in hand with the elections itself, that is basing on the results from the past years. Even if they are under the new electoral system, there have been problems with the coordination of the opposition. Instead of other parties using the aforementioned realities (shortcomings of the LDP and harsh realities Japan’s facing) as springboards for their campaign and attempt to finally overthrow the longest ruling party in Japan, no one can take the challenge since no one is as credible as the LDP candidates.
The LDP has “quality candidates”. They have more incumbents; their candidates are more experienced, having a better background and support system and that’s their edge over that of the opposition’s who were said to be very very weak.
In the other documentary by Kazuhiro Soda, I was able to learn more about these LDP candidates as they closely followed Yamauchi in every step of his election campaign. This gives even more justification to what Scheiner said in his talk.
Come election period, these people campaign through various means. This is where personal efforts are put to the test and in the end those efforts are what will bring them to victory. Banners, posters, flyers, megaphones, and speaker cars left and right on the streets and in subway stations inform people of nothing more than the candidates name, position, party, and affiliated national member. These candidates campaign for themselves as they walk the streets of Japan day in day out sometimes with a megaphone by their side constantly repeating their name and party affiliation. Issues and detailed platforms are not being talked about because people don’t really pay attention to such rather it is the name that they will always remember. They play safe as well as they do not delve into deeper issues so that they won’t get in the middle of any trouble or put in a tough spot, most of the time they just tell the Japanese the things they have already done like construction of offices, schools, etc.
Same is true for Yamauchi’s case. I also noticed that he campaigned not only when he had to but also in his daily activities as well. Take for example when he picked up his clothes from the laundry, he initiated the conversation with the people and workers there and so he was then able to introduce himself and ask for their support. Walking in the streets and stations, approaching people who both minded him and did not bother to shake his hand at all did not stop this young man from getting all the support he could. Repeating the same words all over again for how many days and nights and really going out of his way to go to each person in line for the bus is no joke at all, but the Yamauchi did with all gusto.
In the headquarters of these candidates, also that of Yamauchi’s can it be visually seen that poster after poster, banner after banner were the names and position of a national politician. This has a deeper meaning, it just does not mean that they are really supporting and exposing their candidates to gain more support but more so, showing that they have a national politician beside their name clearly links that they have the means to help them out and so they have the ability to carry out their platforms.
I couldn’t help but notice how Yamauchi was also constantly being trained by his “senseis” or teachers. His elderly supporters would teach him the proper way to shake hands, communicate with people and the like in order to get a greater response and most importantly gain their support. Even his wife had to sacrifice for him during this time. Its funny how the documentary also exposed the wife’s feelings towards such. She too was being taught by these elders. Instead of pertaining to herself as a “tsuma” – wife, she now has to stress out and use the term “kanai” – house wife.
Up until his victory, Yamauchi was taught of the proper decorum for people like him. Truly the support system for the candidates of the LDP is a strong one. They are not only supported on the municipal level but also by the national level. This brings me to the next reason as to why the LDP is still up and kicking.
The LDP still exists today because of “pipe lines”. This is where local LDP’s ask for the National LDP’s help who then asks people from a higher level like that from the central government and *TADA* a link has been established, now this link allows the support of the higher levels. Their efforts and actions are shot inside the “pipeline” which they’ve created and this is a great thing to take note of because with support comes the means to stay even longer.
In addition, it was mentioned in the Newsweek article entitled - Stepping down: Nakagawa in Tokyo by Christian Caryl that “Hereditary politicians” can also be a reason as to why the LDP is still dominant in the Japanese political setup. This is because this phenomenon is where people inherit their jobs from family members who were formerly known to have positions.
Proof1: In the article it was said that for the past 20 years in Japan, there have been 8 Prime Minister’s who were either sons or grandsons of previous LDP politicians.
Proof2: Shiota Ushio; a journalist, conducted a study wherein results showed that “a full quarter of all current members of the Diet were children of ex-legislators” and that 40% of the LDP’s law makers were also victims of such. As a matter of fact, Koizumi himself was a 3rd generation politician.
This “in breeding” that happens in the system of Japan creates a gap wherein which these hereditary politicians are greatly detached from their nation. But not all members are hereditary politicians, there are also those whom the LDP appoints but on they do on the basis of one’s affinity and not of their professional qualifications.
Wow Wow Wee! That sure is a load of information. Well, I hope that my diving deeper into the matter helped you understand why such a reality exists in Japan up until this very day. Though efforts and actions have been made to alter the course of Japan’s political scenario there is still something lacking, but until they realize that nothing will happen. Initiative, one has to take the daring step and alter all that had been mentioned above. It only takes a spark to get the fire burning but that spark depends on your initiative and the your team’s support.
EXTRA EXTRA READ ALL ABOUT IT:
This video also shows how contradicting the Japanese people are. They were telling the wife of Yamauchi to quit her job as a kind of reward or payment for her husband’s supporters, this she strongly objected to because if her husband doesn’t win they will be broke. Then she was further corrected saying that she shouldn’t think of losing. But reality is that she has to think of her future too. She doesn’t understand how the people of Kawasaki are saying such knowing that their present situation dictates otherwise – there are many waitlisted kindergarten students, a lot of housewives working, etc.
Sunday, February 15, 2009
Ignition Spark Flame Burn...CHANGE
One thing constant in life is change. Change happens in our everyday lives. It comes in different forms and at different times as well. But change is a double edged sword. In one end, it can be beneficial but on the other, harmful. There are also times when we are able to control the changes in our lives which is a good thing. But then again, there are other times it catches us off guard. Either way, we cannot escape from such a thing. It is definitely inevitable.
Change is a very big and suitable word when the topic for discussion is about Japan. This is because down from its people and all the way up to its government, change was and still is very evident. Japan has undergone so many changes in the past centuries. It had taken giant leaps, just like what it did when it opened itself to the rest of the world after years of isolating its people. They took the risk of closing its doors to focus on what they had to be able to become the country envisioned by its leaders. It was both beneficial and harmful for them because by shutting itself from the rest of the world; they were able to give importance to their people and their capabilities of becoming a strong and rich country. But it too was harmful because in some way they were left behind by the other countries that had relations with other nations. Such ties and interactions brought these countries to better heights as seen in their development and advancements in many aspects. But noticeably, Japan was able to jive in quickly.
Zooming in to what I just said and being more specific, allow me to talk about the Meiji Ishin. The Meiji Restoration more known to us by is the period in Japan’s history that ignited the flame of greater change. Before the great spark, Japan based its beliefs, decisions, and actions on its public. Public debates which constituted the public’s opinions were basis for Japan’s affairs. These public affiliations were brought about by two important happenings in Japan’s history which served as the gas or match to spark the wick. First is the coming of the “Black Ships” which was headed by Commodore Mathew Perry. The second came two years after, Japan’s decision to finally open itself to the rest of the world from formerly being an isolated country. One thing led to another. As these two events triggered the ignition, the spark Japan had experienced continued on. There was the Charter Oath which eventually led to the Dajokan System. But along the way there have also been forces brought about by change which made it hard for the bigger change to happen. Such events would have to be the various complications in Japan’s political system as resignations came in left and right from the members of its government and rebellions arouse just like that of the Satsuma. But it was because of these events again that Japan was able to move into the flame.
The drafting of the Meiji constitution was indeed a very lengthy and tedious process. But as every start has its finish, the drafting of Japan’s first ever modern constitution was successful enough to have paved the way for the establishment of the Imperial Diet, the Diet’s evolution, and even welcoming foreign influence into the picture. The last is very significant because it proved a very important happening in Japan’s history, and that is its decision to finally let go of its isolation. But aside from the aforementioned, it is also considerably important to know that there were also political upheavals experienced in the Taisho Era. And so came the First World War, Japan was able to be a part of it as a nation against the German forces which led to other key decisions that further kept the flame burning. There were political parties springing out from left and right like the Riken Seiyukai which was believed to be Japan’s first “true” party cabinet. But because of many policies both diplomatic and economic these parties also came to an end. So then rose the military forces of Japan.
Saying goodbye to the political parties allowed the military to gain its importance and instill its influence on Japan and its government. Unfortunately because of the misuse of power given to them, things started getting rough. It reached a point where in the Japanese government had to put its foot down and take control once again. Furthermore other political parties that were able to continue despite its loss in influence in the government were to be put to a final end. But that did not stop the fire from burning.
The Imperial Rule Assistance System appeared in Japan’s political period as the emergence of the Yokusan. Wars broke out and it was evidently seen during those times how the Diets remained to be present in the scenario. Great damages were apparent at those times due to the hostilities Japan had gotten itself into.
In order to get back on track, Japan considered the Potsdam Declaration as a step towards its goal. By accepting such, Japan was place under the Allied forces. Once again, changes were made. Distinct changes were seen in policies especially those which concerned Japan’s military and democracy. Political parties started to make itself known once again to the point of having one party legalized; the Japan Communist Party. Reforms were also present, and because of this Japan was able to restore its place in the international community as an independent nation.
So basically if it weren’t for the aforementioned events, Japan’s constitution today would not have been present and the way it is at the moment. It was because of the Meiji constitution where a constitutional monarchy was established therefore giving the Emperor of Japan the image of being a key player in the political scenario but acting by the commands of the cabinet that is. At the same time, the Potsdam Declaration made possible Japan’s complete surrender to the Allied Forces which actually helped itself strengthen its democracy as a nation. Human rights came into the picture because of such and this truly was beneficial to the many Japanese men and women.
Much has been said and done. Truly the Meiji restoration was the ignition of great change. The constitution was well thought of, its structure and foundation stood strong. A lot of changes were noticeable and significant to be able to reach this far. They were beneficial and harmful at the same time as well. But despite constant efforts to amend and revise the constitution, not once since its 1947 enactment was it able to do so.
Aside from the difficulty of having to go through the whole lengthy step-by-step process of amending a constitution another would be the nature of the Japanese people. Japan is a nation consisting of individuals who truly value their past. It is evidently seen in their culture how history plays an important role in their lives, no matter how ancient it or they may be. Their value for such is nice in a way that they learn from it but the downfall would be their hesitations in allowing change to happen. Now change here is a risky thing because one cannot really tell and be certain of the things that may happen. That is another reason why the Japanese are hesitant to touch their constitution. It is a highly controversial issue which is most of the time taboo to really dwell upon, so they believe it is. A very good example would be that of Article 9 about Japan and War. But there are still other Japanese who have the courage to speak for change and believe that revisions in the constitution are needed especially considering the present times. Take for example the efforts of Aso to continue Koizumi's plan and ofcourse his own plan to revise the constitution.
It is important to take note that since its establishment, the constitution of Japan has never been touched. Although it has been good to Japan, I believe that today’s times are way different from that of the past. That is why it is important to also welcome change into our lives because there are some things that may not be suitable and applicable for Japan at present anymore. That is one thing the Japanese have to understand.
Growth and development can only happen if one is able to value their past and not hold on to it. For such to happen one must learn to let go. It is by letting go where we are able to experience new things. And it is through such experiences where we are able to learn new things that will allow us to grow and develop.
Change is a very big and suitable word when the topic for discussion is about Japan. This is because down from its people and all the way up to its government, change was and still is very evident. Japan has undergone so many changes in the past centuries. It had taken giant leaps, just like what it did when it opened itself to the rest of the world after years of isolating its people. They took the risk of closing its doors to focus on what they had to be able to become the country envisioned by its leaders. It was both beneficial and harmful for them because by shutting itself from the rest of the world; they were able to give importance to their people and their capabilities of becoming a strong and rich country. But it too was harmful because in some way they were left behind by the other countries that had relations with other nations. Such ties and interactions brought these countries to better heights as seen in their development and advancements in many aspects. But noticeably, Japan was able to jive in quickly.
Zooming in to what I just said and being more specific, allow me to talk about the Meiji Ishin. The Meiji Restoration more known to us by is the period in Japan’s history that ignited the flame of greater change. Before the great spark, Japan based its beliefs, decisions, and actions on its public. Public debates which constituted the public’s opinions were basis for Japan’s affairs. These public affiliations were brought about by two important happenings in Japan’s history which served as the gas or match to spark the wick. First is the coming of the “Black Ships” which was headed by Commodore Mathew Perry. The second came two years after, Japan’s decision to finally open itself to the rest of the world from formerly being an isolated country. One thing led to another. As these two events triggered the ignition, the spark Japan had experienced continued on. There was the Charter Oath which eventually led to the Dajokan System. But along the way there have also been forces brought about by change which made it hard for the bigger change to happen. Such events would have to be the various complications in Japan’s political system as resignations came in left and right from the members of its government and rebellions arouse just like that of the Satsuma. But it was because of these events again that Japan was able to move into the flame.
The drafting of the Meiji constitution was indeed a very lengthy and tedious process. But as every start has its finish, the drafting of Japan’s first ever modern constitution was successful enough to have paved the way for the establishment of the Imperial Diet, the Diet’s evolution, and even welcoming foreign influence into the picture. The last is very significant because it proved a very important happening in Japan’s history, and that is its decision to finally let go of its isolation. But aside from the aforementioned, it is also considerably important to know that there were also political upheavals experienced in the Taisho Era. And so came the First World War, Japan was able to be a part of it as a nation against the German forces which led to other key decisions that further kept the flame burning. There were political parties springing out from left and right like the Riken Seiyukai which was believed to be Japan’s first “true” party cabinet. But because of many policies both diplomatic and economic these parties also came to an end. So then rose the military forces of Japan.
Saying goodbye to the political parties allowed the military to gain its importance and instill its influence on Japan and its government. Unfortunately because of the misuse of power given to them, things started getting rough. It reached a point where in the Japanese government had to put its foot down and take control once again. Furthermore other political parties that were able to continue despite its loss in influence in the government were to be put to a final end. But that did not stop the fire from burning.
The Imperial Rule Assistance System appeared in Japan’s political period as the emergence of the Yokusan. Wars broke out and it was evidently seen during those times how the Diets remained to be present in the scenario. Great damages were apparent at those times due to the hostilities Japan had gotten itself into.
In order to get back on track, Japan considered the Potsdam Declaration as a step towards its goal. By accepting such, Japan was place under the Allied forces. Once again, changes were made. Distinct changes were seen in policies especially those which concerned Japan’s military and democracy. Political parties started to make itself known once again to the point of having one party legalized; the Japan Communist Party. Reforms were also present, and because of this Japan was able to restore its place in the international community as an independent nation.
So basically if it weren’t for the aforementioned events, Japan’s constitution today would not have been present and the way it is at the moment. It was because of the Meiji constitution where a constitutional monarchy was established therefore giving the Emperor of Japan the image of being a key player in the political scenario but acting by the commands of the cabinet that is. At the same time, the Potsdam Declaration made possible Japan’s complete surrender to the Allied Forces which actually helped itself strengthen its democracy as a nation. Human rights came into the picture because of such and this truly was beneficial to the many Japanese men and women.
Much has been said and done. Truly the Meiji restoration was the ignition of great change. The constitution was well thought of, its structure and foundation stood strong. A lot of changes were noticeable and significant to be able to reach this far. They were beneficial and harmful at the same time as well. But despite constant efforts to amend and revise the constitution, not once since its 1947 enactment was it able to do so.
Aside from the difficulty of having to go through the whole lengthy step-by-step process of amending a constitution another would be the nature of the Japanese people. Japan is a nation consisting of individuals who truly value their past. It is evidently seen in their culture how history plays an important role in their lives, no matter how ancient it or they may be. Their value for such is nice in a way that they learn from it but the downfall would be their hesitations in allowing change to happen. Now change here is a risky thing because one cannot really tell and be certain of the things that may happen. That is another reason why the Japanese are hesitant to touch their constitution. It is a highly controversial issue which is most of the time taboo to really dwell upon, so they believe it is. A very good example would be that of Article 9 about Japan and War. But there are still other Japanese who have the courage to speak for change and believe that revisions in the constitution are needed especially considering the present times. Take for example the efforts of Aso to continue Koizumi's plan and ofcourse his own plan to revise the constitution.
It is important to take note that since its establishment, the constitution of Japan has never been touched. Although it has been good to Japan, I believe that today’s times are way different from that of the past. That is why it is important to also welcome change into our lives because there are some things that may not be suitable and applicable for Japan at present anymore. That is one thing the Japanese have to understand.
Growth and development can only happen if one is able to value their past and not hold on to it. For such to happen one must learn to let go. It is by letting go where we are able to experience new things. And it is through such experiences where we are able to learn new things that will allow us to grow and develop.
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
ZOOM OUT!
After having to deal with the most politics related books ever in my life, I couldn’t help but question why I had to read almost all the same things over and over again. I tried to keep an open mind as I skipped from one book to another and back just in case I was missing out a point or two hidden between the lines. At times, I would even get stuck in a page reading it over and over again realizing that all it wanted to point out was how different Japanese politics was from that of another country’s. More often than not though I would find myself staring blankly into space hoping to find the reasons as to why such dealt with or had a relation to the film Rashomon. As I continued to read, similarities popped out left and right.
So what do all these readings have in common? Well for the obvious fact that this subject is Japanese government and politics, all 5 including the reading in our “compiled-works book” concerned the history of the Japanese political scenario. Each reading had its own way of perceiving and explaining things. They all had their own unique approach to Japanese politics.
Honestly, reading isn’t really my type of thing so I have to admit that I would sageway to youtube from time to time. I found the trailer of the 1950’s movie Rashomon very interesting. One is because of it being very old which explains why its still in black and white and another because it seemed to be so complexed. I did not understand much of the dialogue to tell you frankly but since actions spoke louder than words and from watching the trailer over and over again I think I somehow got how the story flowed. But to understand the film even more I decided to take the extra step and read articles and accounts about it. Yes, I turned to our all time favorite Wikipedia, but just like what we all agreed on I used it as a spring board to have an idea of what the film was all about. This meant reading once again. Wow wow wee.
So what does Japanese Politics have that Rashomon has? What do the 2 have in common? How are these two entities of different sectors related? Let us see.
First we must understand that the movie Rashomon is a story about the misfortune of a married couple wherein the wife was raped and her husband murdered. So you come to question how Japanese politics is related to such a disaster and you come up with the weirdest reasons ever. Such answers I’d rather not mention because of its absurdity. So what then should we do next? Simple, dissect the movie even more. Then you realize that looking at the bigger picture isn’t quite the way to go so you decide to delve deeper into the plot and *tada* you somehow feel that you are getting somewhere. I accidentally overlooked one important thing which at first I thought was not so important. The movie was told from different views. So what now your thinking. Well this is where one and two are finally going to meet. This is where we will come to learn and understand the relationship of Japanese politics and the film Rashomon.
Ready?
Ok. So the whole movie revolved around one story alone and that was all about the raped wife and murdered husband but in order to come to know of such tragedy it was told in four different accounts. These accounts differed in ways which made them unique but in the end boiled down to the main thing. On the other hand, I started off this blog by ranting to you how I dealt with the readings one after the other with an open mind hoping to find some difference amongst them since it all concerned the same thing. And not until just awhile ago I realized that the readings were just like the film not because of the story itself but because of how it was told.
Meiji Era, World War II, bla bla bla all these were constantly mentioned all throughout the context of each material but what I at first neglected soon made its way known to me again, this was HOW it was told and not WHAT was told. Just like the movie which showcased the different perspectives of the ones telling the story, the readings were of such as well.
Believe it or not but this experience; of having to read the most politics-related books in my life ever, taught me an important lesson in life. Honestly it wasn’t so easy to determine such a similarity between the 2 separate and distinct entities because I wasted so much time. I concentrated so much on the content, reading and making personal notes and summaries of each book, that I neglected the simple things which actually pointed out the answer to the question for this blog. In life we too make the same mistake. Sometimes we try too hard that in the end we become our own enemy; complicating our own lives. This is exactly what happened. I was too much on the reading and analyzing that I forgot to actually zoom out of the picture to see how it was told and written. The answer was as simple as this: Japanese politics is similar to Rashomon because of the approaches used to explain the story being told. But no, I had to read read and read. I had to fell stressed. I had to complain. I had to complicate my life. I am not saying that what I did; read, make notes, and summaries, were useless because I really learned a lot and somehow kind of memorized a thing or two from having to deal with the same story over and over again, its just really sad that I dwelled on it too much. As the song goes "too much of something is bad enough...too much of something is just as tough...."
Thanks to this online session I was reminded to let loose. Life doesn’t have to be so complexed because at the end of the day we call our own shots therefore making us the creators of our so to speak destiny. We shouldn’t get intimidated by what we see, hear, or read because life is what you make it to be.
So what do all these readings have in common? Well for the obvious fact that this subject is Japanese government and politics, all 5 including the reading in our “compiled-works book” concerned the history of the Japanese political scenario. Each reading had its own way of perceiving and explaining things. They all had their own unique approach to Japanese politics.
Honestly, reading isn’t really my type of thing so I have to admit that I would sageway to youtube from time to time. I found the trailer of the 1950’s movie Rashomon very interesting. One is because of it being very old which explains why its still in black and white and another because it seemed to be so complexed. I did not understand much of the dialogue to tell you frankly but since actions spoke louder than words and from watching the trailer over and over again I think I somehow got how the story flowed. But to understand the film even more I decided to take the extra step and read articles and accounts about it. Yes, I turned to our all time favorite Wikipedia, but just like what we all agreed on I used it as a spring board to have an idea of what the film was all about. This meant reading once again. Wow wow wee.
So what does Japanese Politics have that Rashomon has? What do the 2 have in common? How are these two entities of different sectors related? Let us see.
First we must understand that the movie Rashomon is a story about the misfortune of a married couple wherein the wife was raped and her husband murdered. So you come to question how Japanese politics is related to such a disaster and you come up with the weirdest reasons ever. Such answers I’d rather not mention because of its absurdity. So what then should we do next? Simple, dissect the movie even more. Then you realize that looking at the bigger picture isn’t quite the way to go so you decide to delve deeper into the plot and *tada* you somehow feel that you are getting somewhere. I accidentally overlooked one important thing which at first I thought was not so important. The movie was told from different views. So what now your thinking. Well this is where one and two are finally going to meet. This is where we will come to learn and understand the relationship of Japanese politics and the film Rashomon.
Ready?
Ok. So the whole movie revolved around one story alone and that was all about the raped wife and murdered husband but in order to come to know of such tragedy it was told in four different accounts. These accounts differed in ways which made them unique but in the end boiled down to the main thing. On the other hand, I started off this blog by ranting to you how I dealt with the readings one after the other with an open mind hoping to find some difference amongst them since it all concerned the same thing. And not until just awhile ago I realized that the readings were just like the film not because of the story itself but because of how it was told.
Meiji Era, World War II, bla bla bla all these were constantly mentioned all throughout the context of each material but what I at first neglected soon made its way known to me again, this was HOW it was told and not WHAT was told. Just like the movie which showcased the different perspectives of the ones telling the story, the readings were of such as well.
Believe it or not but this experience; of having to read the most politics-related books in my life ever, taught me an important lesson in life. Honestly it wasn’t so easy to determine such a similarity between the 2 separate and distinct entities because I wasted so much time. I concentrated so much on the content, reading and making personal notes and summaries of each book, that I neglected the simple things which actually pointed out the answer to the question for this blog. In life we too make the same mistake. Sometimes we try too hard that in the end we become our own enemy; complicating our own lives. This is exactly what happened. I was too much on the reading and analyzing that I forgot to actually zoom out of the picture to see how it was told and written. The answer was as simple as this: Japanese politics is similar to Rashomon because of the approaches used to explain the story being told. But no, I had to read read and read. I had to fell stressed. I had to complain. I had to complicate my life. I am not saying that what I did; read, make notes, and summaries, were useless because I really learned a lot and somehow kind of memorized a thing or two from having to deal with the same story over and over again, its just really sad that I dwelled on it too much. As the song goes "too much of something is bad enough...too much of something is just as tough...."
Thanks to this online session I was reminded to let loose. Life doesn’t have to be so complexed because at the end of the day we call our own shots therefore making us the creators of our so to speak destiny. We shouldn’t get intimidated by what we see, hear, or read because life is what you make it to be.
Wednesday, January 21, 2009
Why oh why? Because!
It was constantly repeated over and over in one of the readings that Japan, in terms of GDP, has the 2nd largest economy in the world. I am honestly not a fan of numbers and equations that is why aside from the explanations written in the chapters I have read, I tried to understand the statement in a simpler manner; a way which does not concern any mathematical whatsoever.
So, how is it that Japan is said to have the 2nd largest economy in the world? Well here is my not so mathematically inclined equation:
If: Economy = business and Business = different companies and firms
Then: economy = different companies and firms
This means that if economy is business, and business means different companies and firms, then Japan is truly a prosperous country and a diverse economy. I guess by now you are wondering why I came to explain Japan’s economy this way and how on earth I got to such an equation. Well, it is plain and simple. I don’t like numbers so I refuse to deal with them here as I have the freedom to speak my mind in any way I possibly can and Toyota, Honda, Toshiba, Sony, and other well known companies around the world happen to be Japanese firms which have been popping in my head. So I put one and two together, added a little bit of stocked knowledge such as how hardworking the Japanese are (that is why such a Japanese term like karoshii exists, which means death due to excessive work), how work seems to be situated in a level higher than family and *tada* my very own explanation and equation.
The aforementioned Japanese firms happen to be very large and popular around the world. It is noticeable right here in our very own country as well, since we actually purchase and use the things they manufacture. There are cars and other motor vehicles by Honda, Mitsubishi, and Toyota while gadgets and gizmos by Sony, Toshiba, and Sanyo. Their popularity and lasting image I guess lies on their products’ features, durability, and at times friendly and affordable prices which actually uncovers a deeper level of understanding the Japanese. This is no other than how the Japanese are so advanced, innovative, and efficient despite their background and geographical location (Japan is an isolated island and more so for the longest time closed its doors to foreign interaction and opportunities isolating themselves even more).
Therefore, Japan has the 2nd largest economy in the world because of their very well-off businesses which are spearheaded or top notched by leading internationally known Japanese companies.
Wow wow wee! That is exactly what happens when you are trapped within the four corners of your bedroom and restricted to do strenuous activities whatsoever. Four long and dreadful days in bed got me thinking about a million and one things. Random thoughts popped out left and right which sometimes left me dazed and confused. Thousands of questions surfaced as well. I guess that is what really happens when you are bed ridden.
But it just doesn’t end with Japan having the 2nd largest economy in the world (don’t I sound like the book? I keep reiterating the statement haha), its political system also caught my attention. Even if I have been studying about Japan most of my La Salle life, it was just through this online discussion wherein I was given the information about it’s politics. I must admit that I am not so much aware of Japan’s current affairs, I don’t read newspapers nor do I watch the news on television. Truly, it is a conscious mistake and a bad habit I have to break if I want to get somewhere with my education.
Japan has long been ruled by the Liberal Democratic Party; LDP. Created in 1955, the LDP had dominated politics by occupying majority in the Japanese Diet wherein 35 of the 38 Prime Ministers were actual LDP members. Being under a single coalition for almost half its existence, Japan has its own set of ups and downs; advantages and disadvantages.
So being ruled by the LDP for so long makes me wonder if the Japanese ever thought of change, a reform in leadership and not necessarily political structure. Not much has been written in the chapters I read about my concern. If I remember correctly, the video I watched on YouTube states that somehow the Japanese desire for some kind of change but it just isn’t possible as of the moment since there isn’t any practical alternative yet. I wonder how its like to be under the same party for my whole life…
Just like the Philippines, Japan too holds general elections for its main parliamentary house known as the House of Representatives. This gives them the chance to choose their own leaders, which apparently happens to be, more often than not, from the LDP. But that doesn’t mean that the Japanese in some way are being cheated. As a matter of fact, the citizens of Japan make or take and open or close the doors for their Prime Ministers. Public opinion and consensus happen to be very important for the Japanese society because these determine who is to be Japan’s leader. Take for example the very famous Junchiro Koizumi. Prime Minister Koizumi ruled Japan during its turbulent and unstable economic years. His decisions and actions were geared towards rescue and change. A change in the current political patterns of Japan and an attempt to save the Japanese banking system. There were reforms left and right, from economic policies to international ones. Basically, as the reading states it, he was concerned to make Japan’s economy fit for globalization (Stockwinn). Because of all that he had done and attempted to do, Koizumi was a very popular political figure. But as years passed, and with the common notion that no man is perfect, Koizumi started to do some things which startled the people of Japan. His constant visits to the Yasukuni Shrine and his close relations with former President George W. Bush slowly led to his downfall. A big issue that he had to deal with was his conscious act of having gone against the country’s constitution, more specifically Article 9 which renounces war and any use of force. This was evidently seen in his support for the US troops in Iraq. He aided America in their war against the Iraqis by sending self defense forces and sharing the states money.
Ohh-la-la, I feel as if I am not the Michelle my friends, teammates, and myself know. Did I just talk about politics here? This is so not me.
So getting down to business, why Japan? Why study the country and its politics as well? Well let me give you four very shallow reasons.
1) I am a Japanese studies major
2) Japan is the focus of this subject, hence the name JAGOPOL; Japanese government and
politics
3) We have no choice but to take it since it is a requirement for school
4) I am interested in Japan
But you see though these reasons are very true, I believe that I have come to know the importance and significance of learning about Japan and its politics in a much deeper level. Aside from what I have been mentioning all throughout this blog such as Japan having the 2nd largest economy, a very interesting political structure and leadership, there are still other interesting facts which make learning about Japan worth it. Allow me to briefly enumerate a few of those.
1) Japan’s society is experiencing something very boggling.
a. It has a declining workforce and an increasing number of old people.
b. Its population is rapidly shrinking despite it being the 10th most populous nation.
c. It is a very homogeneous race but at the same time ethically diverse that is why there are a lot
of discriminations going on. Take for example in the workplace and at home.
2) Japan is still continuing to grow in all aspects.
a. It is experiencing spectacular economic growth.
b. Japanese enjoy a higher average in their standards of living.
c. It is in the process of continuously being a mature democracy.
3) For a moment in Japan’s history, if I am not mistaken in the 1980’s, Japan was the 2nd most
powerful country when spoken of in a political manner.
4) Japan’s politics actually mirrors how the Japanese are with regards to culture and geography.
5) Though not so “out there” with regard to foreign policies, Japan is still a considerable factor in
the affairs of the different East and South East Asian countries.
Yeah, I think this pretty much convinces me to really get to know the country I am to deal with in the future. These are my “guided by the book” reasons as to why I should study Japan and its politics. So to end my very first blog ever in my whole life I'd like to share with you a short video clip which will just stabilize this entry and make it more me. Enjoy!
I got this video from you tube by the way, so thank you you tube :)
Think Stop:
Its human nature to ask questions, from childhood to adulthood one will always inquire and that I believe is how we all learn in our everyday lives. Comparing does the same. When you comapre you ask questions as well. as the book puts it: "to compare is to be human"
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